That Riddle About That "That"
Okay, enough subscribers to the Brainpower Newsletter have
contacted me about the riddle of the "thats," that
I am going to do my best to explain the answer more fully. First,
here is the riddle and the answer:
Can you punctuate the following, in order to make it a proper
English sentence?
I said that that that that that man wrote should have been
underlined
The Answer to the Riddle
I said that,"that 'that' that that man wrote should have
been underlined."
The Controversy of the Riddle
Some of you tell me that "that" can only be used
four times in a row correctly. Others just want an explanation.
Here's my best shot:
Let's start with some of the definitions of the word "that"
in my dictionary:
(As a pronoun)
1. The one designated or implied. "What
kind of soup is that?"
2. Used as the subject or object of
a relative clause, esp. one defining or restricting the antecedent,
sometimes replaceable by who, whom, or which: the horse that
he bought.
(As a conjunction)
3. Used to introduce a subordinate clause.
"I doubt that you are right."
In addition to these definitions it is possible to use any
word as a noun when referring to the word itself in quotation
marks: The third "that" is used in this way, as it
is in this sentence as well. So to analyze the sentence now:
I said that(1),"that(2) 'that'(3) that(4) that(5) man
wrote should have been underlined."
(1)The first "that"
is used according to the second definition, as a conjunction.
It introduces the quote. Strictly speaking it isn't necessary,
but in English it is allowed. For example, either of the following
two sentences are correct:
1. I said, "I don't want to do any more riddles."
2. I said that, "I don't want to do any more riddles."
(2) The second "that"
follows the first pronoun definition: "The one designated
or implied."
(3) The one it designates is
the third "that," which has quotation marks since it
references itself (it is used as a noun). This is easier to understand
if you imagine another word, like "letter" in its place:
I said that, "That letter that..." - except that it
was not a letter written, but the word "that."
(4) The fourth "that"
is used according to the second definition. This is easier to
understand if you replace it with "which": I said that
"that 'that' which that man wrote..."
(5) The fifth "that"
refers to the man, again using the first definition: "The
one designated or implied."
Clearer? Perhaps not. However, does the following sentence
make sense?
I said that, "that word which
that man wrote should have been underlined."
Now just replace "which" with "that,"
and it still makes sense, right?
I said that, "that word
that that man wrote should have been underlined."
And finally, replace "word" with "that,"
and it is clear that the speaker is referring to a specific incidence
of the word "that," in whatever the man wrote, and
that the speaker thinks (for some reason) that the word should
be underlined.
I said that, "that 'that' that
that man wrote should have been underlined."
And that is all that I have to say about that riddle and that
"that" or any other "that" that comes along.
Which "that?" Never mind that.
|
